
U.S. citizens can sponsor a wider range of relatives, including spouses, children, parents, and siblings, while lawful permanent residents can generally only sponsor spouses and unmarried children.
The sponsor's status determines which relatives can be petitioned. A U.S. citizen can file for a spouse, unmarried and married sons and daughters, parents (if the citizen is at least 21), and siblings (if the citizen is at least 21). Several of these fall into immediate relative or various preference categories.
A lawful permanent resident (green card holder) has more limited sponsorship ability. They can generally petition for a spouse and unmarried children, which fall under the F2A and F2B preference categories. Green card holders cannot petition for parents, married children, or siblings. Understanding the sponsor's status is the starting point for figuring out eligibility and likely wait times.
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