
Naturalisation involves all three levels: you apply to your commune or canton, the canton checks the conditions, and the Confederation grants federal naturalisation authorisation.
Becoming Swiss is a layered process. You submit your application to your commune or canton of residence, and the cantonal authority examines whether you meet the formal requirements and are successfully integrated.
The Confederation, through the State Secretariat for Migration, issues the federal naturalisation authorisation, while the canton and commune grant their own citizenship. Because each level applies its own rules, the procedure and timelines can differ noticeably from one place to another.
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