Is the self-employment permit the same as the single residence and work permit?

Slovenia uses a single permit that merges residence and work rights, and self-employment is one of the recognised purposes for issuing it. You no longer need a separate residence permit from the administrative unit plus a work permit from the Employment Service.

This means your application is handled as one combined process. The difference from an employee single permit is the basis: instead of an employment contract, your right rests on registering and genuinely carrying out an independent business activity in Slovenia.