Do I need to prove I can speak Polish to be recognised as a citizen?

Language ability is a core condition for recognition. You typically must show command of Polish at around the B1 level. Acceptable proof includes an official state language certificate, or a diploma from a Polish school or higher education institution where Polish was the language of instruction.

This requirement reflects the integration purpose of the route. If you do not yet have the required certificate, plan ahead, since arranging an exam and receiving documentation takes time. Certain applicants, such as minors, may be treated differently, so check whether the language condition applies in your specific category.