Does the Skills in Demand (subclass 482) visa lead to permanent residence?

The 482 itself is a temporary work visa, not a permanent one. However, time spent working for your sponsor can count toward an employer-sponsored permanent visa, most commonly the Employer Nomination Scheme (subclass 186).

Whether and when you can transition depends on your occupation, your stream, your work experience with the sponsor and the current rules. If permanent residence is your goal, discuss the pathway with your employer early, because the requirements and qualifying periods can change.