What residence options does Slovakia offer besides employment?

Slovakia's temporary residence is always granted for one specific purpose. Besides employment, the recognised purposes include business (for self-employed people and company executives, up to three years), study including doctoral studies (up to six years), research and development (with a hosting agreement at an accredited organisation), family reunification, and a 'specific activity' covering defined cases such as lecturing, sport, cultural or artistic work, internships and volunteering. Highly qualified employees can use the EU Blue Card. Longer-term routes are permanent residence and EU long-term residence after five years of continuous lawful residence.