Does my Slovak employer have to advertise the job before I can apply for employment residence?

Temporary residence for employment is usually built on a confirmation that you can fill a reported vacancy. To get that confirmation, the employer first notifies the Labour Office of the vacancy so it can be offered to the domestic and EU workforce first.

This labour-market step is the employer's responsibility, not yours, but it directly affects your timeline because your residence application depends on it being completed correctly. Some roles are exempt from the test, so ask your employer which category your job falls into before you book an appointment.