Can my naturalisation application be refused, and on what grounds?

Meeting the residence and integration requirements is not an automatic guarantee. The IND can refuse naturalisation if you do not satisfy the conditions, if your documents are incomplete or cannot be verified, or if there are concerns about public order or national security.

A requirement is that you are not a danger to public order or national security, so a relevant criminal record can lead to refusal. To reduce risk, make sure your residence history is clean and continuous, your civic integration result is valid, and every civil-status document is properly legalised and translated.