Who applies for the Spanish work and residence permit under the general regime, me or my employer?

Under the general regime (trabajo por cuenta ajena), the Spanish employer initiates the process by requesting the initial temporary residence and work authorization for the worker. This is an employer-driven permit, not something the worker applies for independently.

Once the authorization is granted and the employer is notified, you have a maximum of one month from the date of notification to apply for the corresponding visa at the Spanish consulate in your country.