Do I even need a transit visa, or can I use an eTA to pass through Canada?

Canada treats transit differently depending on your nationality. If you come from a country whose citizens normally need a visa to enter Canada, you will need a transit visa even when you are only changing planes and never formally entering the country.

If you come from an eTA-eligible country, you usually need an eTA rather than a transit visa to fly through Canada. Note that an eTA is only required for air travel — you do not need one if you transit by train, bus, boat or cruise ship. Always check which document applies to your specific passport before you book.