Do I need a job offer before applying through IEC?

For Working Holiday you can apply and travel without a job lined up, because the open work permit lets you find work after you arrive. This makes it the most flexible option for people who are still job-hunting.

For Young Professionals you need a job offer that contributes to your professional development, and for International Co-op you need a placement that forms part of your studies. In both cases the offer must be in place because the work permit will be tied to that named employer, and the offer details are reviewed as part of your application.