Does the 858 visa lead to Australian citizenship and Medicare access?

Holding the National Innovation visa makes you an Australian permanent resident from the day of grant (if you are in Australia) or the day you enter Australia on the visa (if you are offshore). That date also starts the clock for citizenship purposes.

As a permanent resident you can enrol in Medicare, Australia's public health care scheme, work and study, and sponsor eligible relatives. After a certain period of residence you may be eligible to apply for Australian citizenship. Note that newly arrived residents may have to wait before they can access certain government payments and benefits.