What kinds of time in the UK do NOT count toward the 10 years of continuous lawful residence?

Continuous lawful residence has to be built from qualifying immigration permission. Several categories are excluded, including time on a Standard Visitor visa or as a visitor without a visa, a Short-term study visa, a Seasonal Worker visa, and certain Ukraine schemes.

Time on immigration bail, temporary admission or temporary release, time spent in prison or a secure institution, and any period after your permission expired (overstaying) also breaks or fails to count toward continuous residence. If any of these apply to your history, get advice before applying.