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There is no single number. The required period of continuous residence depends on your category, for example five years of continuous legal stay for most long-term residents, or shorter periods for spouses of Polish citizens and certain other groups.
Poland's permanent residence permit (zezwolenie na pobyt staly) is not granted purely on the basis of time. Different categories of applicants qualify after different periods. People with refugee status generally need five years of uninterrupted legal residence, while a spouse of a Polish citizen can typically apply after a defined period of uninterrupted residence on a temporary permit linked to the marriage.
Some groups, such as holders of the Pole's Card (Karta Polaka) and minor children of Polish citizens, may qualify without a long waiting period. Because the rules differ so much by category, you should confirm which path applies to your situation before counting years.
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